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Gaza, a small city in the self-governing Palestinian territory the Gaza Strip, is located in the southwest of the country, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, neighboring Israel. It is located in the region that has experienced the most intense war and conflict in the Middle East. Gaza City is the largest city of the Gaza Strip and one of the world’s oldest settlements. The city’s history dates back 5,000 years. Throughout history it was situated on important land and sea trade routes. Etymologically the city gets its name from the Arabic word ‘gazza’ and in Semitic languages it means ‘fierce, strong’. Gaza, which was part of Canaanite territory in ancient times, was dominated by many different civilizations. Due to its important strategic position after the 15^th century it was captured by the Egyptians, Romans, and Byzantines.

The city was introduced to Islamic civilization in 635 AD, with the Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Ottomans respectively taking control. The city came under British rule during World War I but was capture by Israel in 1967, which is when the city began experiencing chaotic events. The city was transferred to Palestine in 1993. Gaza’s economy relies on agriculture, fishing, and small-scale industries. The city’s only port is closed due to an Israeli blockage.  Gaza’s chaotic history is still being written and traces of this history and traces of the continuing regional conflict can still be seen. The city’s surviving historic structures include the Great Mosque of Gaza, which was allegedly built on a Philistine temple, the Sayed al-Hashim Mosque, which dates back to 1334 to the Mamluks, the Church of Saint Porphyrius, a Greek Orthodox church, and Anthedon, which is along the Mediterranean coast. Main attractions to visit include the Gaza Museum of Archaeology, Unknown Soldier’s Square, and Rashad Shawa Cultural Center. Gaza has a Mediterranean climate. The Yasser Arafat International Airport is located 40 km from Gaza. The Ben Gurion Airport in Israel is located 75 km northeast of the city.